Tarpf oil geology

Geology Oil 
• Tarpf oil geology
Is interested in studying science and methods of oil is formed and migration through the layers is also considering installation of oil and its origin.
• the definition of petroleum
Oil or oil (a word derived from the original Latin, "Petra" which means rock and "oleum" which means oil), also called crude oil, also has a name commonly "black gold", which is a means of thick, flammable, Brown dark green or brown, there is in the top layer of the earth's crust. Sometimes called naphtha, from Persian language ("Navt" or "Navatta" which means its ability to effect). It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, especially of the alkane series, but differs in appearance, composition and purity strongly from one place to another. It is a source of primary energy sources extremely important (energy statistics in the world). Oil is the raw material for many chemical products, including fertilizers, insecticides, plastics.
• out of oil
Established oil of the total slum buried the bodies of countless of organelles Marine (Plankton) and plant accumulated at the bottom with the articles of rock fragmented in the form of mud has buried the organic material for thousands of years where she had lived in ancient salt water and lakes and evidence for the presence of saline water in areas of petroleum exploration or drilling during the addition to the presence of marine fossils.
It is no secret about it I found out that the recent experience of oil from the marine biologist only fragmented for a period of from four to five months only under certain circumstances.
• Installation of oil
During the liquidation process, is separated by chemical constituents of the oil by fractional distillation, a process of separation based on boiling points relative (or relative volatility). Different products (in order of boiling points), including Algazat light (such as: methane, ethane, propane) as follows: gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel, gasoline, paraffin waxes, asphalt, and so on. And modern techniques such as gas separations, HPLC, Ghazi color separation - mass spectrometer, can separate some fractions of petroleum into individual compounds, and this method of analytical chemistry, often used in the sections of quality control in oil refineries.
To be more precise, the oil consists of hydrocarbons, which in turn is composed of hydrogen, carbon, and some parts of non-carbon, which can contain nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and some small quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, and such elements does not exceed 1% installation of oil.
The four lightest alkanes: methane CH4, ethane C2H6, propane, C3H8, Bhutan C4H10. They are all gases. The boiling point of -161.6 C ° and -88 C ° and -42 C ° and -0.5 C °, respectively (-258.9, -127.5, -43.6, -31.1 F °).
The chains in the C5-7 are all light, easily vaporized, clear naphthas. They are used as solvents, dry cleaning fluids, and other quick-drying products. The chains from C6H14 to C12H26 are blended together and used for gasoline. Kerosene is made up of chains C10 to C15, followed by diesel fuel / heating oil in the range of C10 to C20, and is used as fuel oils heavier than that in ship engines. All of these vehicles oil liquid at room temperature. Lubricating oils and semi-solid greases (including Vaseline ®) range from C16 to C20 chains the top of the C20 be solid, starting with paraffin wax, then tar, bitumen, asphalt.
Boiling ranges of the components of oil under the influence of atmospheric pressure in fractional distillation in degrees Celsius:
1. Petroleum ether: 40 - 70 C ° is used as a solvent.
2. Light petrol: 60 - 100 C ° is used as fuel for cars.
3. Heavy petrol: 100 - 150 C ° is used as fuel for cars.
4. Light kerosene: 120 - 150 C ° is used as a solvent and fuel for homes.
5. Kerosene: 150 - 300 C ° is used as fuel for jet engines.
6. Gas oil: 250 - 350 C ° is used as fuel for diesel / heating.
7. 300 C° يستخدم زيت محركات.">Lubrication oil:> 300 C ° is used engine oil.
300 C° يستخدم زيت محركات.">8. Remaining fractions: tar, asphalt, residual fuel.
• oil extraction
In general, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill wells to reach the underground reservoir. Historically, there are some oil wells in America where oil came naturally to the surface. But most of these fields are implemented, with the exception of some limited number of places in Alaska. And are often dug many wells for the same warehouse, to get on the rate of economic extraction. In some wells may be used to pump water, steam, a mixture of different gases into the reservoir to keep the rates of economic extraction.
In the case of the underground pressure in the reservoir is sufficient, then it will force the oil out of the surface under the influence of this pressure. Gaseous fuels or natural gas are usually present, which increases the pressure of the underground. In this case, the pressure is sufficient to place a sufficient quantity of the valves on the well head to connect the well to a pipeline network for storage, and business operations. This is called the initial oil recovery. And approximately 20% of the oil in the reservoir can be extracted in this way.
During the lifetime of the well pressure decreases, and at some point not be enough to push oil to the surface. And then, if the remaining Ge well enough economically, and often be the case, the extraction of oil remaining in the well in a manner to extract additional oil. See energy balance, and net energy. And different techniques are used in a way to extract additional oil, to extract the oil from the warehouses or low-pressure. Sometimes used, such as pumps, pumping Baltalmbat persistent, deep electric pump (electrical submersible pumps ESPs) to bring the oil to the surface.
And using assistive technology to increase the reservoir's pressure by water injection, natural gas reinjection and gas lift, which injects air, carbon dioxide or other gases into the reservoir. And working methods are both initial and additional extraction of approximately 25 to 35% of the warehouse

تصنيف : oil